History of Rap Music Essay

History of Rap Music Essay Free Online Research Papers The genre called Rap originated in the Bronx, New York, in the mid-1970’ (Howard). Of the many legends of how Rap came to be the most popular has to do with the humble DJ’s and MC’s of the underground clubs. While the DJ spun the track, the MC would entertain the crowd with simple rhymes (EZ Track). Over the years, Rap Music has become the theme songs of most young African American men in the United States. However, the genre has broke boundaries and entered almost every culture outside of the states. Nonetheless, a Rapper, along with Rap Music, is stereotyped to be associated with the thug life. Most individuals think that a Rap song is no more than a guy spitting rhymes about how much money he has, how many women he has slept with, or how low a girl can get. Yet they neglect to mention the Rappers such as Tupac Shakur, Nas, or Ice Cube who didn’t flaunt but instead made poetry. Tupac was one of those artists that took his gift to alter the entire Rap g ame (Howard). Tupac Shakur was born June 16, 1971, in the East Harlem section of Manhattan in New York City (Wikipedia). From an early age, he was surrounded by incarceration. His godfather, his stepfather, and his sister all had spent time in jail by the time he was twelve. He used his surroundings and experiences to create a poetic style of rap that vocalized the problem facing the ghetto. Some of his music was controversial because of his descriptive, most of the time violent, lyrics. The majority of music critics didn’t agree with his honesty. Contradictory to what the critics thought, people from the ghettos of New York or California understood what Shakur was singing. â€Å"Lord knows I†¦ tried, been a witness to homicide. Seen drive-bys, takin’ lives, little kids die† is a quote from his song So Many Tears. Tupac was simply shedding some light on what individuals refused to acknowledge. (Wikipedia) Tupac nearly created his own version of the Rap game. The so-called ‘Thug Life’ was brought into each home without sugar-coating the facts. â€Å"They never talk peace in the black community. All we know is violence, do it all in silence,† as quoted in his song Trapped. Along with his contentious lyrics, his style was distinct. Instead of the multicolored pimp suit, Tupac rocked a bandana tied to the front of his head, nose ring, and a wife-beater with some saggy jeans. Socially he was known to be a thug. In December of 1994, two days before his sexual abuse trial, Tupac was shot five times, then robbed by two men. Later, when he checked himself out of the hospital, Shakur was found guilty of three counts of molestation and convicted. While serving his sentence, Tupac released his album Me Against the World which was number one on the Billboard 200. He would be the only artist to ever do that while incarcerated (Wikipedia). The modern day rapper hasn’t motivation to create music that will ultimately change the way someone views the world (Howard). Shakur aggressively assaulted racism, poverty, and violence in his songs. The majority of his music didn’t contain feel-good songs that are used for the club. â€Å"I see no changes all I see is racist faces misplaced hate makes disgrace to races,† as quoted in his song Changes. Today most rappers believe in exploiting their wealth for a hit song. Tupac believed in creating poetry that struck the core of the day’s hardships of African-Americans that needed to be addressed. Every man and woman from the corners of Compton to the Projects can identify with at least one of Tupac’s songs. He was and still is, an influential rapper and poet (Wikipedia). The day he died the world lost one of its greatest Rap artists. Many rappers have tried to mimic his style but not one has been triumphant in recreating what Tupac. The impersonators fail to realize Tupac put his own identity into every lyric that inked from his pen. His past resides in the ghetto where he watched his friends get killed by drive-bys or where he saw men and women strung out on the streets. There are not many rappers who can say their work is geared towards advocating social reform or any kind of change in an Ethnic community. No question can be put to the credibility of Shakur’s work or identity. Tupac can be called the face of the modern day poet for he proved himself capable of reaching people’s hearts through his words. Research Papers on History of Rap Music EssayBiography of Pink FloydPuerto Rico: Music and Culture EssayEmmett Till BiographyHomer The Great Greek PoetContrasting Berthe Morisot and Jan van EyckRacism and InjusticeMy Writing ExperienceCritical Analysis of HamletThe Colour PurpleWho has Impacted Your Life the Most Essay

About the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

About the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, was enacted on October 15, 1914, with a goal of strengthening provisions of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Enacted in 1890, the Sherman Act had been the first federal law intended to protect consumers by outlawing monopolies, cartels, and trusts. The Clayton Act sought to enhance and address weaknesses in the Sherman Act by preventing such unfair or anti-competitive business practices in their infancy. Specifically, the Clayton Act expanded the list of prohibited practices, provided a three-level enforcement process, and specified exemptions and remedial or corrective methods. Background If trust is a good thing, why does the United States have so many â€Å"antitrust† laws, like the Clayton Antitrust Act? Today, a â€Å"trust† is simply a legal arrangement in which one person, called the â€Å"trustee,† holds and manages a property for the benefit of another person or group of people. But in the late 19th century, the term â€Å"trust† was typically used to describe a combination of separate companies. The 1880s and 1890s saw a rapid increase in the number of such large manufacturing trusts, or â€Å"conglomerates,† many of which were viewed by the public as having too much power. Smaller companies argued that the large trusts or â€Å"monopolies† had an unfair competitive advantage over them. Congress soon began to hear the call for antitrust legislation. Then, as now, fair competition among businesses resulted in lower prices for consumers, better products and services, greater choice of products, and increased innovation. Brief History of Antitrust Laws Advocates of antitrust laws argued that the success of the American economy depended on the ability of small, independently owned business to compete fairly with each other. As  Senator John Sherman  of Ohio stated in 1890, â€Å"If we will not endure a king as a political power we should not endure a king over the production, transportation, and sale of any of the necessaries of life.†   Ã‚   In 1890, Congress passed the  Sherman Antitrust Act  by nearly unanimous votes in both the  House  and  Senate. The Act prohibits companies from conspiring to restrain free trade or otherwise monopolize an industry. For example, the Act bans groups of companies from participating in â€Å"price fixing,† or mutually agreeing to unfairly control prices of similar products or services. Congress designated the  U.S. Department of Justice  to enforce the Sherman Act.   In 1914, Congress enacted the  Federal Trade Commission Act  prohibiting all companies from using unfair competition methods and acts or practices designed to deceive consumers. Today the Federal Trade Commission Act is aggressively enforced by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), an independent agency of the executive branch of government. Clayton Antitrust Act Bolsters the Sherman Act Recognizing the need to clarify and strengthen the fair business safeguards provided by the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, Congress in 1914 passed an amendment to the Sherman Act called the  Clayton Antitrust Act. President Woodrow Wilson signed the bill into law on October 15, 1914. The Clayton Act addressed the growing trend during the early 1900s for large corporations to strategically dominate entire sectors of business by employing unfair practices like predatory price fixing, secret deals, and mergers intended only to eliminate competing companies. Specifics of the Clayton Act The Clayton Act addresses unfair practices not clearly prohibited by the Sherman Act, such as predatory mergers and â€Å"interlocking directorates,† arrangements in which the same person makes business decisions for several competing companies. For example, Section 7 of the Clayton Act bans companies from merging with or acquiring other companies when the effect â€Å"may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly.† In 1936, the  Robinson-Patman Act  amended the Clayton Act to prohibit anticompetitive price discrimination and allowances in dealings between merchants. Robinson-Patman was designed to protect small retail shops against unfair competition from large chain and â€Å"discount† stores by establishing minimum prices for certain retail products. The Clayton Act was again amended in 1976 by the  Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, which requires companies planning major mergers and acquisitions to notify both the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice of their plans well in advance of the action. In addition, the Clayton Act allows private parties, including consumers, to sue companies for triple damages when they have been harmed by an action of a company that violates either the Sherman or Clayton Act and to obtain a court order prohibiting the anticompetitive practice in the future. For example, the Federal Trade Commission often secures court orders banning companies from continuing false or deceptive advertising campaigns or sales promotions. The Clayton Act and Labor Unions Emphatically stating that â€Å"the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce,† the Clayton Act forbids corporations from preventing the organization of labor unions. The Act also prevents union actions such as strikes and compensation disputes from being in antitrust lawsuits filed against a corporation. As a result, labor unions are free to organize and negotiate wages and benefits for their members without being accused of illegal price fixing. Penalties for Violating the Antitrust Laws The Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice share the authority to enforce the antitrust laws. The Federal Trade Commission can file antitrust lawsuits in either the federal courts  or in hearings held before  administrative law  judges. However, only the Department of Justice can bring charges for violations of the Sherman Act. In addition, the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act gives the state attorneys general authority to file antitrust lawsuits in either state or federal courts. Penalties for violations of the Sherman Act or the Clayton Act as amended can be severe and can include criminal and civil penalties: Violations of the Sherman Act:  Companies violating the Sherman Act can be fined up to $100 million. Individuals – typically executives of the violating corporations- can be fined up to $1 million and sent to prison for up to 10 years. Under federal law, the maximum fine may be increased to twice the amount the conspirators gained from the illegal acts or twice the money lost by the victims of the crime  if either of those amounts is over $100 million.Violations of the Clayton Act:  Corporations and individuals violating the Clayton Act can be sued by the people they harmed for three times the actual amount of the damages they suffered. For example, a consumer who spent $5,000 on a falsely advertised product or service can sue the offending businesses for up to $15,000. The same â€Å"treble damages† provision can also be applied in â€Å"class-action† lawsuits filed on the behalf of multiple victims. Damages also include attorneys fees and other court cost s. The Basic Objective of Antitrust Laws Since the enactment of the Sherman Act in 1890, the objective of the U.S. antitrust laws has remained unchanged: to ensure fair business competition in order to benefit consumers by providing incentives for businesses to operate efficiently thus allowing them to keep quality up and prices down. Antitrust Laws in Action Breakup of Standard Oil While charges of violations of the antitrust laws are file and prosecuted every day, a few examples stand out due to their scope and the legal precedents they set. One of the earliest and most famous examples is the court-ordered 1911 breakup of the giant Standard Oil Trust monopoly. By 1890, the Standard Oil Trust of Ohio controlled 88% of all oil refined and sold in the United States. Owned at the time by John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil had achieved its oil industry domination by slashing its prices while buying up many of its competitors. Doing so allowed Standard Oil to lower its production costs while increasing its profits.In 1899 the Standard Oil Trust was reorganized as the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. At the time, the â€Å"new† company owned stock in 41 other oil companies, which controlled other companies, which in turn controlled yet other companies. The conglomerate was viewed by the public – and the Department of Justice as an all-controlling monopoly, controlled by a small, elite group of directors who acted without accountability to the industry or the public.In 1909, the Department of Justice sued Standard Oil under the Sherman Act for creating and maintaining a monopoly and restricting interstate commerce. On May 15, 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court’s decision declaring the Standard Oil group to be an unreasonable monopoly. The Court ordered Standard Oil broken up into 90 smaller, independent companies with different directors.

Selecting Variables into a Regression Equation Assignment

Selecting Variables into a Regression Equation - Assignment Example and $100,000p.a., Above $100,000), density of population in neighborhood (low, medium, or high). The data comprises of 31 observations for each variable. Using step wise approach to predicting the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables, the correlations between these variables are determined as follows: From the above table, the significant relationships are indicated between number of injuries and parenting status and density of population. There is a positive relationship between number of injuries and parenting status and there is a negative relationship between number of injuries and density of population. Using MS Excel the following regression output is achieved. The regression model is only able to explain 5.8% of the total variations observed in 31 data entries (Kedem & Fokianos, 2002). The above table indicates coefficients of correlation between dependent variable and independent variables. The following regression equation is achieved: From the regression equation, it could be predicted that there is a negative relationship but not significant (p

Operational Management Issues for Services Essay

Operational Management Issues for Services - Essay Example The organisation generally offers next day gift delivery service throughout the United Kingdom and also in the overseas business market. However, in recent times, new market players have considerably entered into the business market of Pinnacle due to increased market competition and thus the organisation is quite concerned to reconsider its superior market position. The chief vision of Pinnacle is to remain as the topmost brand as well as the first choice of gift delivery service for the customers. In this particular paper, a comprehensive analysis regarding the business operations that are performed by Pinnacle in relation to the business goals as well as the levels of customer service of the organisation will be taken into concern. Moreover, certain alternatives that might enhance the business operations of Pinnacle, suggestion of suitable options along with covering implementation issues and depicting appropriate recommendations for Pinnacle will also be addressed. A Critical Rev iew of the Business Operations of Pinnacle The crucial business function of Pinnacle is generally associated with offering gift delivery service throughout the UK and also in the overseas regions. The majority of the sales of the organisation usually arrive from next day gift delivery service. ... In this context, all the orders of the organisation are delivered by the respective outlets or stores. The retail outlets or the stores are independently owned and perform the business transactions under Pinnacle brand name. From the perspective of the business operations in relation to order distribution and processing, Pinnacle places its business orders from one shop to other shop within the UK. In order to place its business orders in the overseas regions, the organisation executes this sort of business operation through its established mode of central operation. In terms of performing direct sales, the organisation fundamentally conducts its direct sales through a nationally advertised free contact number, online sales through making use of the website of Pinnacle and direct mailing responses that come over phone. It has been viewed that the main business operational systems of Pinnacle include paper based system for taking business orders from the customers by contacting them d irectly over telephone and PDQ (credit card swipe) machines for the purpose of effectively processing all credit card related payments. Furthermore, the other chief operational systems of Pinnacle include the website of the organisation for performing online sales and an outdated Automated Call Distribution System for directing the calls of the customers in relation to the placement of the business orders of the organisation. In this context, Pinnacle should introduce a unique or innovative Automated Call Distribution System that can direct more customer calls and thus ultimately can raise the business orders of the organisation by a significant level. On the basis of the flow chart, in relation to the business objectives along with the level of the

Luxury Goods in Hong Kong, China Essay Example for Free

Luxury Goods in Hong Kong, China Essay Luxury goods experienced a slowdown in current value growth for 2012 against 2011, largely attributed by the unstable economic conditions brought about by the 2011 Euro crisis as well as the slowing down of the Chinese economy. While consumers’ sentiments were still relatively strong, spending continued to tilt towards a more cautious end. Depreciation of Euros also saw more consumers heading to Hong Kong for holidays and in turn purchasing luxury goods from there to take advantage of the. Euromonitor International’s Luxury Goods in Hong Kong, China report offers a comprehensive guide to the size and shape of the Luxury Goods market at a national level. It provides the latest retail sales data, allowing you to identify the sectors driving growth. It identifies the leading companies, the leading brands and offers strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market and their effects on Luxury Goods retailing along with the development of consumers’ shopping patterns. Forecasts to 2017 illustrate how the market is set to change. Buy a Report Copy @ http://www.rnrmarketresearch.com/contacts/purchase?rname=88087. Product coverage: Designer Apparel (Ready-to-Wear), Fine Wines/Champagne and Spirits, Luxury Accessories, Luxury Cigars, Luxury Electronic Gadgets, Luxury Jewellery and Timepieces, Luxury Travel Goods, Luxury Writing Instruments and Stationery, Super Premium Beauty and Personal Care.Data coverage: market sizes (historic and forecasts), company shares, brand shares and distribution data. Why buy this report? Get a detailed picture of the Luxury Goods market; Pinpoint growth sectors and identify factors driving change; Understand the competitive environment, the market’s major players and leading brands;

Hitler And Stalin During the Period Leading up to World War II :: Papers

Hitler And Stalin During the Period Leading up to World War II Hitler And Stalin During the period leading up to World War II, there were two famous dictators who were on opposing sides, yet had similar records. These men were Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin. They were each triumphant in their rise to power in their countries and they were very comparable in the ways that they succeeded. Their success was mostly attributed to their new ideas and their politics. Although Hitler and Stalin hated each other, the two leaders were similar in many ways. Hitler and Stalin each rose to the highest position attainable in their respective countries, and there were three main reasons that they were able to do this. Both men were skilled users of propaganda, each was amoral, and they both had the ambition to make their countries powerful in the world. Since each was a skilled user of propaganda, they could use their words to twist and manipulate the minds of people into believing that what they were saying was the absolute truth. Using this power, they would get people to do anything for them, which proves their amorality. Since their countries were still trying to recover from World War I, they desired to restore the power back in to their countries. These three reasons will prove that Hitler and Stalin were similar in many ways. The names Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are synonymous with the word propaganda. In order to understand how Hitler and Stalin used propaganda, an understanding of what the word means, is required. According to Merriam-Webster, "propaganda is the spreading of ideas to further or damage a cause; also the ideas or allegations spread for a purpose". Hitler and Stalin each used propaganda as their tool to further their ideas and help them gain the backing of the people in their countries. The form of propaganda that Hitler used, and was successful in using, was his words. Hitler made many speeches, but the one that greatly stood out from the others was his final speech at his

Political Typology Essay

How the Political Typology does, doesn’t describe me accurately After looking at my results of the survey, seeing how they placed me and looking more into the category in which I was placed and believe it is very accurate. The survey marked me as a New Coalition Democrat, the definition of their party is strongly pro-government, upbeat about our country’s ability to solve problems through hard work, generally liberal on racial issues, hospitable to immigrants and very religious. Fifty six percent of the party is Democrats, thirty four percent, white thirty percent black and twenty six percent Latino; fifty five percent only have a high school education, twenty three percent are not registered to vote and fifty five percent are regular volunteer for charity. The survey is mostly correct I do believe with hard work the government’s issues can be solved however I believe we the people should be responsible to work hard to get back on its feet not solely the government. I am very liberal on racial issues and believe no matter what color, race or sex everyone is entitled to the same opportunities, they should be allowed a decent education so they have the ability to make something of their selves if they use their resources. I am and have been very hospitable to immigrants feeling no threat from them and I do welcome them into my home as well as help them get onto their feet as they settle in America. I do fit into the religious and volunteer category as well. As to saying I’m pro-government I am yes and no. I take the side of John Locke I believe people do need to have people in power over them or we would live in chaos, but the person’s should have limited power in order to avoid anarchy. I think the government should avoid making many restrictions on what people can and cannot do, however I believe they have done right by putting a celling price and floor price on goods as well as stopping the monopoly system, though looking at them wanting to ban sodas and guns is getting involved in making people stupid and unable to make a decision for themselves. Comparing my results from the survey to the nine groups and their values, mentioned in the book, they would say I am a Social Conservative saying I am a moralist believing people should live by a set of right, just morals, pro-life believing everyone is equal and should have the same opportunities. Oppose welfare, I honestly do I think it is our job as fellow Americans to step in and assist our neighbors not ask the government to come in and fix it for us as Locke said we should be compassionate and take care of each other. I also do believe that assertive foreign policy, forming alliance with other countries agreeing to work together for the better of both our people, is a healthy thing for countries to do. According to the survey and book, I am classified as a New Coalition Democrat and Social Conservative, believing we as American citizens are responsible to work hard to help the government get back on their feet, that everyone should be given the same opportunities no matter who they are, we should accept immigrants they are not threatening us most come here to get away from conflict and I am religious. I take the side of John Locke when it comes to pro-government I believe in limited power to stop anarchy from happening but we as people need to have people in authority or there would be mass chaos. I do oppose welfare as I feel it isn’t the government’s responsibility to take care of the people but the people’s job to assist our neighbors through hard times and lastly I consider foreign policies to be something that is healthy for our country and other countries.